'How accurate is it to say that the causes of the demonstrations outside the Holy Cross Primary School in August 2001 date back to 1968?\r'

'On September third 2001 the students of sanctum sanctorum hatch base inform were due to return sand to initiate for the refreshed nameination, however this was do onerous due to the Protestant protesters who had gathitherd distant of the school and the surrounding subject argona to award their objection to the Catholic children and their parents wal major(ip) author discomfit what was regarded to be a Protestant channel on their air to school.\r\nThese riots made it exceedingly difficult for the young Catholic girls to dispirit to and from school e real morning and afternoon; their parents faced a choice, to either lend on their children through the barricades hastily erected by the law of nature and army, in that respectfore verbaliseing the Protestants that they would non endure d testify, or to behave their children to school via the back entrance, which avoided the riots, t verboten ensemble meant that the children and their parents had to walk a much(prenominal) longer, and more than difficult route. The Catholic parents in like manner felt up that this meant that the Protestants were getting their way, and so some(prenominal) a(prenominal) of the parents chose to take their children through the law barricades, tied(p) though this meant subjecting the young girls to the violence and twist around that the Protestant rioters hurled at them.\r\nThese riots were non unprovoked. latent hostility had been increase in the surrounding area for some while and the as yetts out berth of sanctum fluff were a result of the growing hostility that was felt in the midst of the both(prenominal) sides.\r\nBoth the Protestants and the Catholics felt peril by for individually one different, and neither wishinged to show each weakness.\r\nThere were a return of con bound fabricate outs for what happened after-school(prenominal) of sanctum sanctorum violate. The first of these was the fact that there were the ii separate religious communities, the Protestants and the Catholics, living in such close proximity to each other, both communities felt threatened by each other, believing that the other residential area was taking liberties and exhausting to drive their association out of the area.\r\nAnother of these short barrier causes was the fact that there was a very high rate of unemployment in the area, this meant that there were a crew of unemployed enceinte men with nothing to do alone day, therefore they had too much time on their hands to object to everything that the other society did, and in any case many of them would purposefully chasten and antagonise the other side so that they could release some of their indite up energy and anger.\r\nOne of the primary(prenominal) short term causes however was the way in which the younger generations of both faiths were creation brought up. Both Protestant and Catholic communities unploughed their children separated from childr en of the other religion, both by sending them to single faith schools such as Holy come home, where that Catholic children attended, and by living in petty communities of predominantly one religion families. because these children did not get to k today each other or go friends and so there was nothing stopping them from taking on their parents prejudices and political beliefs.\r\nHowever, as I mentioned earlier the events international of Holy Cross were not wholly caused by short term causes, precisely long term causes as well.\r\nIn 1171 the king of Eng fine-tune total heat II visited Ireland and distinguishable to name himself the ‘ schoolmaster of Ireland, this change made very pocketable difference to the ruling of Ireland, and by 1500 side of meat kings had little or no top executive every smear any of Ireland except a small area surrounding capital of Ireland known at The Pale.\r\nThis all changed in the 16th century when the English rulers started to t ake more of an interest in Ireland. As Ireland was dummy up inhabited mainly by Catholics the English monarchs feared that it could be used as a useful base for intrusion from surrounding Catholic countries such as France and Spain because by 1560 England was an merely Protestant verdant and this was disliked by Catholic European countries.\r\nTo take more realise of Ireland enthalpy VIII of England changed his title from ‘Lord of Ireland to ‘ mightiness of Ireland and told Irish nobles they were to be his subjects.\r\nThe Irish did not take this well, and in Elizabeth Is rule the commonwealths of Ulster and Munster rebelled. Elizabeth direct in her army to deal with the rebellion.\r\nIn the 17th century the English Monarchy pucker that the best way to throw out book over Ireland was not by force, precisely by land. The main source of indicant in Ireland was held by Irish lan plentyers.\r\nThe English monarchy set just about taking land from the rich Catho lic nobles in Ireland and freehand their land to English Protestants, these were known as plantations, and the aim of them was to take discover over Ireland by giving the land to wide deal who were loyal to the king.\r\nThe main plantations were in Ulster which is now where the main conflict amidst Catholics and Protestants takes place.\r\nThis created both frugal and social suits for what would later expire the troubles in Federal Ireland and so for what happened impertinent Holy Cross firsthand tutor.\r\nThe economic reason was that taking a great deal of land off of wad left them homeless, without a means of in get in and also introduced a lot more concourse into the communities and so therefore the communities had to deal with more people to support. The social reason was that taking the land off of the Catholics and giving it to the Protestants caused a great deal of resentment towards the Protestants.\r\nHowever, even though the Protestants now held a bigger pro portion of the land in Ireland they did not engage complete control, and when Catholic king James II became king of England in 1685. queen mole rat James II confounded his throne in 1688 but concisely returned to Ireland with French troops intending to invade England.\r\nHe was not successful and Protestant King William of Orange defeated James in the battle of the Boyne on the first of July 1690.\r\nThis is a social reason for the lengthy weight-lifting in northerly Ireland because the Protestants subdued celebrate their victory at the mesh of the Boyne by organising Orange Marches, these only increase the tension between the dickens communities and often end in violence.\r\nThe Protestant victory now meant that they had complete control over Ireland and the Catholics, and they intend to keep this control, the Irish sevens introduced penal laws, which were in place to keep the Catholics out of power.\r\nThese laws stated that Catholics could not own large amounts of land , be decently educated, become a member of parliament or own weapons. This therefore made it extremely hard, if not impossible for a Catholic to gain any power whatsoever.\r\nI think that this is both a religious and a political reason for the troubles in northerly Ireland because the Catholics were being discriminated against just now because of their religion and they were not able to gain any political power to assistant themselves to gain equal rights.\r\nTowards the end of the eighteenth century many of the Catholics in Ireland decided that it was time to do something about the British rule over Ireland. They called themselves Nationalists because they requireed Ireland to become a separate nation from Britain. They fight between the Catholic jingoisticics and the Protestant unionists, who want to keep Ireland part of Britain, is the fight which even continues today in Federal Ireland and cause the events outside of Holy Cross Primary School.\r\nDuring the 18th and 19th centuries the Catholic nationalist contracted 3 revolutions, all of which failed. Ireland was still controlled by Protestants.\r\nIn 1905 a nationalist political party was set up by Catholics, it was named Sinn Fein. With the start of nationalists having a interpreter in parliament changes lento started to come around. The political nationalist were not demanding that Ireland became a separate state from Britain, only that it had its own political sympathies which would be fair to both Protestants and Catholics.\r\nIn 1918 the Irish people, both Protestant and Catholic voted on the future of Ireland, the issuing was that Ireland would have Home rule but stay part of the British empire. However, this did not please the predominantly Protestant province of Ulster where the majority of inhabitants were unionists and wanted Ireland to be simply ruled by Britain.\r\nIn 1921 a partition treaty was signed, this excluded Ulster the home rule, message that it was still ruled by Britai n.\r\nHowever, this created a social problem in Northern Ireland because although Northern Ireland was mainly inhabited by Protestant thousands of Catholics were now left stranded in a country where they were the minority and very unfairly treated and well-nigh were unable to move.\r\nThe Stormont Parliament was set up, this was intended to look after both Catholics and Protestants but was not successful in this because it was solely controlled by Protestants, who did not want to oblige equal rights to Catholics in fear of the Catholics taking control. This meant that they gave Catholics poor council housing, few jobs and unfair manipulation towards all Catholics, causing political, economic, and social problems.\r\nThese sometime(prenominal) events show how the rivalry between the Catholics and the Protestants essential and grew. These events were long term reasons for what happened outside of Holy Cross Primary School because if it were not for the tension between the two r eligions and the requisition of Northern Ireland from the Republic of Ireland the short term events, such as what happened in 1968, would not have happened.\r\nIn 1968 Catholics in Northern Ireland started peaceful marches to try and gain themselves equal rights. These peaceful marches only ever ended in violence, because the Protestants felt very threatened by the Catholics trying to regain equating. The Protestants did not want to strive Catholics equal rights because they did not want to depart their control over Northern Ireland. The bit which was started by the 1968 Catholic demonstrations continued for many years, calling a halt to any prospect of peace talks between the two religious groups.\r\nThe combat caused the endurance of the Protestant Prime minister Terence ONeill, who had been so keen to install peace and equality into Northern Ireland.\r\nBy lordly 1969 the British army had been sent in to try and control the struggle. This was intended to be a temporary me asure, but the army have never left, and are still there today.\r\nAt last the British political sympathies managed to get unionist leaders of Northern Ireland to make changes in their policies to attempt to make things fairer to the Catholic communities in Northern Ireland.\r\nThe things that were changed were:\r\nElections, elections at the time were extremely colored in the Protestants favour as gerrymandering took place very often.\r\nHousing, The council housing had been unfairly given out by local Protestant councils and this was an attempt to give Catholics decent housing.\r\nUnemployment, the government promised to digest the levels of unemployment in Northern Ireland, these promises were never fulfilled.\r\nPolice, the police force in Northern Ireland was an entirely Protestant armed force, which naturally was biased against the Catholics.\r\nBy 1970 Northern Ireland was in crisis, The British government had decided to suspend the Stormont government and take direct rule , meaning that Northern Ireland affairs were controlled instanter from Westminster.\r\nThis had little way out however as paramilitary groups started to take hold over the country. A new strand of the IRA had emerged calling themselves the conditional IRA, they took control of many of the Catholic areas. They were refractory to rid Northern Ireland of British control, and would do so by force. However the Protestant paramilitary units, the Ulster Freedom Fighters, Ulster Defence the States and the Ulster Volunteers Force were equally as situated to keep Northern Ireland linked direct to Britain.\r\nNorthern Ireland was in chaos, the rubbish between Catholics and Protestants continued.\r\nI believe that this fighting is directly linked to the riots outside Holy Cross in 2001, such recent fighting meant that both sides were still angry and threatened by one another.\r\nThe long term causes of the events outside Holy Cross indorse how the two religious sides became rivals, the introducing of Protestant plantations and the Protestants slowly gaining control over Ireland and the Catholics are what fuelled the fighting between the two communities for hundreds of years.\r\nHowever, I do not believe that the fighting in Northern Ireland, and in particular the rampage that occurred outside Holy Cross Primary School in 2001 was entirely about religious beliefs, I feel that the fighting was caused by the political situation in Northern Ireland, the fact that the minority Catholic group want more control over what happens in Northern Ireland and that the Protestants do not want to give up their level of control, which is why they did not want to let the Catholic families walk freely down their streets to get to Holy Cross Primary School.\r\nI think that the riots outside of Holy Cross where not entirely just about children walking down a street inhabited by a different religious community to get to school but about the fear the two communities have installed in each other during the short term causes such as the fighting. Both sides are scared that they will be determined out by the other.\r\nIn resultant I think that it is not complete to vocalize that the causes of the demonstrations outside the Holy Cross Primary School in August 2001 date back to 1968 because the causes of the conflict in Northern Ireland dates back many centuries. I believe that It would be correct to say that the troubles from 1968 onwards are a major factor in causing the demonstrations outside Holy Cross Primary School in August 2001 but that the factual cause dates back a lot further than 1968.\r\n'